Keratoconus Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors

Keratoconus is an eye condition that causes the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped front part of the eye—to progressively thin and bulge outward into a cone shape. This irregular curvature distorts vision, leading to blurriness, glare sensitivity, and difficulty with night vision. While the exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Early diagnosis is key to managing the condition, and for many patients, scleral lenses provide a highly effective solution to improve vision and comfort.

What Are the Symptoms of Keratoconus?

Keratoconus symptoms often develop in adolescence or early adulthood and can progress over time. Common signs include:
 

• Blurred or distorted vision – The irregular shape of the cornea causes vision to become warped.

• Increased sensitivity to light and glare – Bright lights may cause discomfort or difficulty seeing clearly.

• Frequent changes in prescription – Patients with keratoconus often experience rapid shifts in their eyeglass or contact lens prescription.

• Poor night vision – Driving at night may become challenging due to glare and halos around lights.

• Eye strain and headaches – Struggling to focus can lead to discomfort and fatigue.

Common Causes of Keratoconus

The exact cause of keratoconus remains unclear, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. Genetics play a significant role, as individuals with a family history of keratoconus are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Frequent and vigorous eye rubbing has also been linked to corneal weakening, which can accelerate the progression of keratoconus.

Additionally, certain connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Down syndrome, have been associated with an increased likelihood of developing the condition. Environmental factors, including chronic exposure to UV rays and oxidative stress, may further contribute to corneal damage, potentially influencing the onset or progression of keratoconus.

Risk Factors

Some individuals may be more prone to developing keratoconus due to various risk factors, including:
 

• Family history of keratoconus

• Chronic eye inflammation (such as allergies or dry eye syndrome)

• Frequent eye rubbing

• Certain medical conditions affecting collagen and connective tissues

How Scleral Lenses Can Help

Traditional soft contact lenses and eyeglasses may not provide sufficient vision correction for individuals with keratoconus due to the irregular shape of the cornea. However, scleral lenses offer a specialized solution that enhances both visual clarity and comfort, making them an excellent option for managing this condition.

One of the key advantages of scleral lenses is their custom fit for irregular corneas. Unlike standard contact lenses, scleral lenses vault over the cornea and rest on the sclera (the white part of the eye). This creates a smooth, uniform surface that corrects distorted vision, significantly improving visual sharpness.

In addition to better vision, scleral lenses provide increased comfort. Because they do not sit directly on the cornea, they minimize irritation and reduce discomfort often experienced with traditional lenses. This design is particularly beneficial for individuals with sensitive eyes or those who struggle with lens intolerance.

Additionally, scleral lenses offer stable vision correction. Unlike soft lenses, which may shift or move with blinking, scleral lenses remain securely in place. This stability ensures clearer, more consistent vision without the fluctuations that can occur with traditional contact lenses. For individuals with keratoconus, scleral lenses provide a reliable and effective way to enhance both vision and overall eye health.

Schedule a Comprehensive Eye Exam Today

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that can significantly impact daily life if left unmanaged. Recognizing the symptoms and risk factors early on is essential for preserving vision. While keratoconus cannot be reversed, treatments like scleral lenses offer a safe and effective way to enhance visual clarity and comfort.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with keratoconus or is experiencing symptoms of distorted vision, schedule an eye exam with Evolutionary Eye Care to explore your options. Visit our office in Webster, Texas, or call (346) 486-6700 to book an appointment today.